M2 High Speed Steel Heat Treatment Analysis
M2 High Speed Steel Preheating
To minimize distortion and stresses in large or complex tools use a double preheat. Heat at a rate not exceeding 400°F per hour (222°C per hour) to 1100°F (593°C) equalize, then heat to 1450-1550°F (788-843°C). For normal tools, use only the second temperature range as a single preheating treatment
M2 High Speed Steel Austenizing(High Heat)
Heat rapidly from the preheat.
For Cutting Tools:
Furnace: 2200-2250°F (1204-1232°C)
Salt: 2175-2225°F (1191-1218°C)
To maximize toughness, use the lowest temperature. To maximize hot hardness, use the highest temperature.
For punches, dies, and tools that require maximum toughness without hot hardness:
Furnace: 2075-2175°F (1175-1191°C)
Salt: 2050-2150°F (1121-1177°C)
M2 High Speed Steel Quenching
Pressurized gas, warm oil, or salt. For pressurized gas, a rapid quench rate to below 1000°F (538°C) is critical to achieve the desired properties. For oil, quench until black, about 900°F (482°C), then cool in still air to 150-125°F (66-51°C). For salt maintained at 1000-1100°F (538-593°C), equalize, then cool in still air to 150-125°F (66-51°C).
M2 High Speed Steel Tempering
Temper immediately after quenching. Typical tempering range is 1025-1050°F (552-566°C). Hold at temperature for 2 hours, then air cool to ambient temperature. Double tempering is required. For large cross sections, and especially for blanks from which tools will be cut by wire EDM, triple tempering is strongly recommended.
M2 High Speed Steel Hardening Temperature,°F
| Double Tempering Temperature,°F | 2150 | 2200 | 2225 |
| 800 | 61HRC | 61.5HRC | 62HRC |
| 850 | 61.5HRC | 62HRC | 62.5HRC |
| 900 | 62.5HRC | 63HRC | 63.5HRC |
| 950 | 63HRC | 64HRC | 65HRC |
| 1000 | 64HRC | 65HRC | 65.5HRC |
| 1025 | 63.5HRC | 65HRC | 65.5HRC |
| 1050 | 63HRC | 64.5HRC | 65HRC |
| 1100 | 61.5HRC | 62.5HRC | 63.5HRC |
| 1150 | 57.5HRC | 59HRC | 60HRC |
| 1200 | 51HRC | 54HRC | 55HRC |
M2 High Speed Steel Annealing
Annealing must be performed after hot working and before re-hardening
Heat at a rate not exceeding 400°F per hour (222°C per hour) to 1525-1550°F (829-843°C), and hold at temperature for 1 hour per inch (25.4 mm) of thickness, 2 hours minimum. Then cool slowly with the furnace at a rate not exceeding 50°F per hour (28°C per hour) to 1000°F (538°C). Continue cooling to ambient temperature in the furnace or in air.
M2 High Speed Steel Forging
Pre heat slowly to 850 – 900°C, then increase more quickly to the forging temperature of 1050 – 1150°C. Do not forge below 880 – 900°C. Cool very slowly after forging. If during the forging the temperature of the M2 high speed tool steel material drops below 880-900°C, re-heating will be necessary. Cool the M2 steel component very slowly after forging.
M2 High Speed Steel Harden
Heat slowly to 1550° F, soak thoroughly, heat to 1850° F, soak thoroughly. Soak time in the furnace varies from a few minutes to 15 minutes, depending tool size, heat capacity of the furnace, and the size of the charge. – Heat to 2150 to 2200° F for max. toughness and minimum distortion. – Heat to 2250 to 2275° F for max. hardness and abrasion resistance.
M2 High Speed Steel Heat Treating
| ANNEALING | PREHEAT | AUSTENITIZING | QUENCH | TEMPERING |
| Temp | Temp | Temp | Medium | Temp |
| °F | °F | °F | °F | |
| 1550/1600 | 1500/1550 | 2175/2225 | Salt/Oil/Atm | 1025/1050 |
M2 HIGH SPEED STEEL THERMAL EXPANSION
| Temperature | 10^-6 m/(m*K) | 10^-6 in/in °F | |
| °F | °C | ||
| 212 | 100 | 11.5 | 6.5 |
| 392 | 200 | 11.7 | 6.6 |
| 572 | 300 | 12.2 | 6.9 |
| 752 | 400 | 12.4 | 7 |
| 932 | 500 | 12.7 | 7.1 |
| 1112 | 600 | 13 | 7.3 |
| 1292 | 700 | 12.9 | 7.3 |
M2 HIGH SPEED STEEL MECHANICAL PROPERTY
| Hardness, Rockwell C (tempered at 620°C, quenched at 1200°C) | 62 |
| Hardness, Rockwell C (as hardened, quenched at 1200°C) | 65 |
| Compressive yield strength (when tempered at 150°C) | 3250 MPa |
| Izod impact unnotched (when tempered at 150°C) | 67 J |
| Abrasion (loss in mm 3 , as-hardened; ASTM G65) | 25.8 |
| Abrasion (loss in mm 3 , tempered at 690°C; ASTM G65) | 77.7 |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.27-0.30 |
| Elastic modulus | 190-210 GPa |
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