ASTM A686 W1 Tool Steel Drill Rod

1 W1 steel Introduction

w1 steel Water-hardening tool steels are also known as group W steels. This group consists of three types, namely, W1 tool steel, W2 tool steel, and W3 tool steel. The main alloying element found in group W steels is carbon. To increase the wear resistance and hardenability of the W steels, a small amount of chromium can be added. By adding vanadium, the grain size is maintained, which enhances the toughness of the steels. The group W steels have low resistance to softening at high temperatures and are inexpensive.
The W1 tool steel is one of the most commonly available water hardening tool steel grades and can be easily hardened by heating and quenching in water. However, this alloy does undergo some amount of distortion during quenching.

Other designations that are equivalent to AISI W1 tool steels include:

• ASTM A686
• SAE J437 (W108), (W109), (WhO), (W112)
• SAE J438 (W108), (W109), (W110), (W112)
• UNS T72301

We can provide more services:

1、Hardening and tempering
2、Vacuum heat treatment
3、Polished bright surface
4、Milling bright surface
5、CNC machine
6、Deep drilling
7、Cut into small pieces
8、Make it closer to the mold
Welcome to inquiry price from drawing

Cutting:

Precision cutting to standard dimensions

Custom cutting according to client specifications

 

Surface Grinding/Polishing:

Thickness tolerance: -0 to +0.1mm

Flatness: 0.01/100mm

Surface roughness: Ra ≤1.6 or Rz ≤6.3

2 w1 steel Applications

The W1 tool steel is mainly used for cold heading, hand-operated metal cutting tools, reamers and embossing taps. It is also used for cutlery.

3 Quality Standard

ASTM A686 Standard Specification for Carbon Tool Steel

4 w1 steel Chemical Composition(%)

Grade	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cr	Mo	V	W	Cu	Ni
Grade A	0.70-1.50	0.10-0.40	0.10-0.40	0.030 max	0.030 max	0.15 max	0.10 max	0.10 max	0.15 max	0.20 max	0.20 max
Grade C	0.70-1.50	0.10-0.40	0.10-0.40	0.030 max	0.030 max	0.30 max	0.10 max	0.10 max	0.15 max	0.20 max	0.20 max

 

Smelting Option

1 EAF: Electric Arc Furnace

2 EAF+LF+VD: Refined-smelting and vacuum degassing

3 EAF+ESR: Electro Slag Remelting

4 EAF+PESR: protective atmosphere Electro Slag Remelting

5 VIM+PESR: Vacuum induction melting

 

Forming Option

1 Hot rolling process

2 Hot Forging: Electro-hydraulic; High-speed-hydraulic; Oil-hydraulic; Precision-forging

 

Heat-treatment Option

1 +A: Annealed (full/soft/spheroidizing)

2 +N: Normalized

3 +NT: Normalized and tempered

4 +QT: Quenched and tempered (water/oil)

 

Suface Option

1 Black Surface

2 Grounded: Bright but rough ; Not precision

3 Machining for plate: Bright and precision; Little turning scar

4 Peeled/Turned: Bright and precision; Little turning scar

5 Polished: Very Bright and precision size; Not turning scar

 

Other Services

1 Cutting: Small pieces

2 CNC Machine: Produce as your drawing

3 Package: Bare/Nylon/Canvas/Wooden

4 Payment:T/T, L/C, O/A(request credit)

5 Transport:FOB/CFR/CIF/DDU/DDP (train/ship/Air)

 

5 Workability

Forging: Forging of the W1 tool steel can be performed at 1038°C (1900°F) down to 816°C (1550°F) but not below 843°C (1500°F).
Machinability: The machinability of W1 tool steel is very good as they are plain carbon steels with 100% rating based on which other tool steels are compared.
Forming: W1 tool steel can be easily formed using conventional methods.
Welding: W1 tool steel are weldable using all the standard methods.
Hot Working: W1 tool steel can be hot-worked.
Cold Working: W1 tool steel in the annealed condition have very good ductility and can be easily cold worked using conventional methods.

6 HEAT TREATMENT

The treatment depends upon the intricacy of the part or section size. W1 tool steel with large sections or intricate shapes have to be slowly preheated to 593°C (1100°F) and then the temperature should be slowly increased to 816°C (1500°F). The steels should be maintained at the same temperature for 10 to 30 minutes and finally water or brine quenched.
ANNEALING:Annealing has to be performed at 760°C (1400°F) followed by slow furnace cooling at 4°C (40°F) per hour or less.
STRESS RELIEVING: Heat slowly to 1200 to 1250° F. Soak for two hours per
inch of thickness at heat. Soak, slow cool (furnace cool if possible) to room temperature.
HARDENING:

• Preheat: Heat slowly to 1200 to 1250° F. Soak for two hours per inch of thickness at heat. Soak, slow cool (furnace cool if possible) to room temperature.
• Harden: Heat to 1425 to 1475° F. Soak at heat for 30 minutes per inch of thickness.
  Temperatures on the high side of the range will increase the depth of the case.
• Quench: This material may be water quenched, but brine quenching is preferred. Water or
  brine quench to 150 to 200° F. Oil quenching is sometimes used for light sections and where maximum hardness is not required.
• Temper: This material may be water quenched, but brine quenching is preferred. Water or
  brine quench to 150 to 200° F. Oil quenching is sometimes used for light
  sections and where maximum hardness is not required.

w1 steel Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of W1 steels are tabulated below.

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Tensile strength, ultimate	1680 MPa	244000 psi
Tensile strength, yield	1500 MPa	218000 psi
Poisson’s ratio (25°C)	0.27-0.30	0.27-0.30
Elongation at break	3.50%	3.50%
Bulk modulus	140 GPa	20300 ksi
Shear modulus	80.0 GPa	11600 ksi
Elastic modulus	190-210 GPa	27557-30458 ksi
Charpy impact, unnotched	86.0 J	63.4 ft-lb
Hardness, Brinell (converted from Rockwell C Hardness)	498	498
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Rockwell C Hardness)	558	558
Hardness, Rockwell C	50.0-51.0	50.0-51.0
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Rockwell C Hardness)	531	531
Machinability (based on AISI 1212 steel as 100% machinability)	40	40

Mill′s test certificate

EN 10204/3.1 with all relevant data reg. chem. composition, mech. properties and results of testing.

TOLERANCES

USA: AISI W1, UK: BW1, Sweden: USA W1, Germany: 1.1654, Japan: SK2
Chemical composition: C=1.0%, Mn=0.35%, Si=0.3%
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	7.83 *10³	kg/m³	488.8	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	205	GPa	29700	ksi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	10.4*10-6	ºCˉ¹	5.78*10-6	in/(in* ºF)
Specific heat capacity	461	J/(kg*K)	0.11	BTU/(lb*ºF)
Electric resistivity	3.0*10-7	Ohm*m	3.0*10-5	Ohm*cm
Annealing temperature	690…710	ºC	1280…1420	ºF
Quenching temperature	760…780	ºC	1400…1440	ºF
Tempering temperature	100…300	ºC	210…570	ºF
Hardness (annealed)	91	RB	91	RB
Hardness (hardened)	65	RC	65	RC
Quenching medium	Water
Hardening depth	Low
Resistivity to distortion	Low
Resistivity to cracking	Low
Machinability	Very high
Toughness	High
Wear resistance	Low

What is W1 steel?

W1 steel is high carbon steel with carbon ranging from 0.6% to 1.4%. With such high carbon, this steel usually has high tensile strength and hardness with low ductility and toughness. That’s why water hardenable tool steel is avoided in applications that require energy absorption or impact loading. Due to excellent machinability characteristics, this high carbon percentage is used extensively for tools used in diverse areas of life.